Research Article Example

The modern education system is complex and students are required to conduct research and describe it in an article. Research papers have a purpose of exploring or identifying a variety of issues in a broad range of disciplines that include social, scientific, and technical topics. In order to properly write such paper, it is required to explore a research article example before starting an actual research because it can provide general guidelines for the contents that include an introduction, actual research, and conclusion. A research article example is an effective tool for a student that wants to understand the research process with more clarity. Introduction The modern business environment is a complex mechanism that features a variety of different practices that have a purpose of providing a company with profit. Marketing, as a business practice, is one of the most influential aspects of a company’s activities because it creates a dialogue with the end consumers. The purpose of this paper is to explore how a company is able to influence the decision-making process of a consumer through the use of different marketing practices that are available today. Key words: consumer, good, service, marketing, decision-making process. Methodology Type of research The type of research that will be used in this article will be based on the qualitative analysis of online and scholarly sources that aim to provide a general outlook on the way the consumer decision-making process is influenced by the marketing instruments of a company. Theoretical Overview As it is evident, a consumer goes through a set of stages that determine a final buying decision and the first step is the identification of a need, which is a catalyst that creates a decision for a purchase of a good or service. The second step is the process of information gathering and this stage of decision-making process can be directly influenced by a company through the marketing messages and instruments. By placing advertisements that will be noted by the target audience, a company is able to identify itself as a solution that will satisfy the consumer’s need for a product or service. It can be achieved through the use of target marketing messages that point out the benefits that a product or service is able to provide for a potential consumer. The best way to influence the consumer on this stage is through a presentation of unique features that differ a company’s product or service among the others. Marketing practices show that the best way to influence the process of information gathering is to perform an analysis that has a goal to identify the best type of marketing message that will leave an imprint in a mind of a consumer. A type of message has to be based on the age, location, and preferences of the target audience. This way, a company is able to create a message that will directly target a specific type of a consumer. Conclusion A majority of marketing instruments that are available today allow a company to effectively gather the required intel about the target consumer. Such scientific approach to the identification of the potential consumers allows a company to create a specific message that will address the needs of the target audience, thus increasing the possibility that the consumers will note it. Finally, a properly created marketing message will leave an imprint in a mind of a consumer, which will further increase the effectiveness of the marketing instruments because the consumer will automatically associate a product with a company name and image.

The Fifties Are A Time That A Lot Of Nostalgic Older...

The Fifties are a time that a lot of nostalgic older individuals look back to as a time that they appreciated, a time better than today. This was a time after world war two, and consisted of many veterans suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and having trouble reintegrating into society. This was also a time that saw economic expansion and the rise of materialism and consumerism. In response to this, Salinger wrote the story called â€Å"A Perfect Day for Banafish†. The story takes place during the fifties. Married couple Seymour and Muriel Glass are staying at a hotel. Muriel’s mother talks about how weird Seymour is, and the weird things Seymour has done. Muriel couldn’t care less, as she is engaged in painting her nails, fixing her†¦show more content†¦They started advertising on Radios, car ads, Billboards, Magazines, and Newspapers. All of these ads targeted the average people and started making them call into consumeristic lifestyles. The se consumeristic lifestyles also included suburbanization. According to Boucher, â€Å"between 1944 and 1954, nine million people moved to the new suburbs.† (Boucher 11) Boucher goes on to say that living in the suburbs was traditionally reserved as a privilege of the rich, but now it was available for the common family. (Boucher 11) Everything was advertised, people were buying and buying. Such is the historical context of when Salinger wrote the short story. Salinger describes this materialistic society in the short story, embodied in the form of Muriel and her friends. Muriel, when her mother is talking, is more focused with materialistic items such as â€Å"her little lacquer brush† or the fact that the psychiatrist’s wife was wearing an â€Å"awful dinner dress† or any materialistic thing. (Salinger 1, 6) Throughout the entire story, Muriel is just too busy with the parties and the people and conforming to that materialistic lifestyle, worrying about her social life more than anything else. Sybill’s mother also seems to be more worried about her social life than anything else. Such was society characterized. In fact, Muriel was too worried about her social lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Perfect American Lifestyleof The 1950S. What Is The1489 Words   |  6 Pagesthe feeling for the 1950s was more than just money. As according to Coontz â€Å"it’s more than just a financial issue. When I talk with modern parents, even ones who grew up in unhappy families, they associate the 1950s with a yearning they feel for a time when there were fewer complicated choices for kids or parents to grapple with† (Coontz) and goes on to say that â€Å"there was more predictability in how people formed and maintained families, and when there was a coherent â€Å"moral order† in their communityRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye: Holden Caulfields Coming of Age Story2349 Words   |  10 PagesSalinger emphasizes Holden’s im maturity in a very subtle way by having Holden’s authority figures always calling him â€Å"boy†. Both Mr. Spencer and Mr. Antolini call Holden â€Å"boy†. Of Spencer, Holden says, â€Å"I wished to hell he’d stop calling me ‘boy’ all the time† (12) and then later on, Antolini tells Holden, â€Å"You’re a very, very strange boy† (193). Both Mr. Spencer and Mr. Antolini recognize and acknowledge Holden’s immature behaviour in calling him â€Å"boy†. This only stresses the fact that Holden cannot seemRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 Pagesthe prior written permission of the Publishers. First published /968 Eighteenth impression /986 ISBN 0-582-52306-0 Produced by Longman Singapore Publishers Pte Ltd Printed in Singapore Contents TO THE TEACHER I page I It s high time men ceased to regard women as second-class citizens smoking 6 2 World governments should conduct serious campaigns against 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 3 Television is doing irreparable harm 4 Any form of education otherRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesthe protagonist s mistakes and disappointments are over. In some works, the protagonist is able to reach out and help others after having achieved maturity. There are many variations and subgenres of Bildungsroman that focus on the growth of an individual. An Entwicklungsroman (development novel) is a story of general growth rather than self-cultivation. An Erziehungsroman (education novel) focuses on training and formal schooling,[citation needed] while a Kà ¼nstlerroman (artist novel) is aboutRead MoreInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language14362 Words   |  58 Pagesabound and freedom for all. Over time, millions around the world have found emigrating to the U.S. as the only alternative to starvation, death, or a life full of hardship and suffering. Most immigrants came, and still come today, for wealth, land, and freedom. With thousands from nations spanning the globe, America has become a mosaic of people, culture, and hope. It is one of the most developed countries. It houses a lot of cultures, traditions, and ways of life. A lot of people think that it is theRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Ci nema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pageswritings on cinematographic problems.* Since this is, therefore, a collection, I have not tried to eliminate or disguise the few inevitable repetitions. Similarly, I have not allowed myself to excise or replace passages that, as a result of the lapse in time between their original publication and the printing of this volume, have become obsolete and no longer correspond to the present state of my investigations.** Thus, in the case of partial changes in my orientation, or simply of new developments, orRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesfar more demanding, far more discriminating, much less loyal and more willing to complain than in the past, whilst xii P R E FA C E the new competition is frequently far less predictable and often more desperate than previously. At the same time, the marketing environment has also been affected by a series of unpredictable events (SARS and the Iraq war are just two of the more recent of these), and by the emergence of new technologies and delivery systems. Together, these changes have led

Rethinking Edna free essay sample

A literary portrayal of the lead character of the book The Awakening by Kate Chopin. This paper examines a literary characters quest for self-determination. The writer illustrates how Edna tries with all her might to free herself from the ties that bind familial, social, locational, romantic in a desperate effort to achieve freedom and independence. The character may overcome obstacles in the text and move from a controlled existence to one in which he or she steps above or beyond the constrains imposed upon her by the other characters, but any feeling of independence and freedom is but a mirage the character is still under the authors iron fist. If the character enjoys any free will at all, it is only in the paradigm of a controlled literary experience: regardless of how mad Hamlet may act, he acts no more mad than Shakespeare intended him to be; if Sidney Carton suddenly throws off all the shackles of his life and moves to sacrifice himself for his love, that ultimate succession it is a far, far better thing I do frees him only inasmuch as Charles Dickens will allow; and if Tyrone Slothrop truly gets scattered all over the zone and virtually disappears from Gravitys Rainbow,` he cannot escape his status as protagonist of the novel, because Thomas Pynchon has designed him to fit that role. We will write a custom essay sample on Rethinking Edna or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page `

The Odd Man Out Essay Example For Students

The Odd Man Out Essay The Odd Man OutFifth Business, by Robertson Davies is a great piece of literature. Though the story was not always interesting to me, it is apparent that the author is talented. The story begins in 1908 in a small fictional Canadian village called Deptford. I think this village is very important to the story. The author describes everything one could possibly need to picture Deptford in his mind. This helped a lot in showing what the main characters childhood was like. Later in his life, the main character traveled a lot, so many other places were described. I dont think these places are as important as Deptford. It seems that the author thought this also, for he didnt use as many details to describe these places as he did with the village. The main character is Dunstable Ramsey, Dunny for short. He is a very real character to me. The whole book is a letter that the old Dunny is writing to someone about his life. The way the author writes as Dunny is great. I can picture an old man sitting at a desk writing the letter. For parts of the story that have lots of detail, I imagine that the old Dunny remembers these parts of his life because they were important to him. For the parts he is vague about, Dunny writes that he would write more if he remembered more clearly. I think those are the times in his life that were not very important to him. A character that stands out a lot for me is Dunnys mother. She seemed like a very kind and strong woman at the beginning of the story. She kept their neighbors preborn baby alive when the town doctor said he would die. She was committed to that baby with all her heart. Another time, Dunny took an egg from his house so he could try to learn magic tricks with it. His mother noticed it was missing, and when he would not say why he took it, she flipped out. She beat him to pieces with a whip for an hour, screaming the whole time. In my mind she went from being a kind woman to an hysterical fool of a mother. She seems as though she could not be related to this old man reflecting on his life. I think the author is showing how different children can be from their parents. As I said, Dunny is writing a letter. It is for the headmaster of a school he taught at for forty-five years. It seems that his reason for writing this letter is because of a farewell article in the College Chronicle writt en for him. He is deeply offended by it and thought it to be idiotic. He said that the person who wrote the article could never understand what it is like to be cast with the role of Fifth Business. It seems that the Fifth Business has something to do with the baby his mother nursed to health. When he was ten years old, he and his friend were in a fight. Dunny dodged an icy snowball that was thrown by his rival and it ended up hitting a woman walking down the village street. Mrs. Dempster was pregnant, and the fright and shock of being hit in the head sent her into labor. Therefore Dunny believed that because that snowball was mean for him, it was his own fault that Paul Dempster was ever born. At sixteen Dunny left Deptford and joined the army. He is very vague about his horrifying time at war. During one battle he had his leg blown off and then wakes up in a hospital six months later. Right here in the story I think the author is stretching the truth. Could a man be in a coma for half a year just because he lost a leg? I am not a doctor, but it seems strange. .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e , .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e .postImageUrl , .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e , .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e:hover , .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e:visited , .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e:active { border:0!important; } .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e:active , .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0b3c497f2d0920135902d1291d7dd4e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The New World Order EssayDunny goes many places after he is healed, even with his wooden leg. He only goes back to Deptford twice. In one of his travels he encounters Paul Dempster who had become a very talented magician. A woman working with the magic show first told Dunny about his role in life. He had related much about his life to her, and she said he sounded like a Fifth Business. She explained this by comparing it to a play. There is always a heroine and her lover. Then there is the rival to the heroine, a sorceress or something. Also there is the villian who threatens the lover. But one cannot make the plot work without an odd man out. This man may know the secret o f the hero, or assists the heroine when she has given up hope. He is the Fifth Business. At the very end Dunny writes about the death of his lifelong friend, the one who threw the snowball. The book ends with And that Headmaster is all I have to tell you. The ending doesnt really satisfy me. It just ends. I dont think there is enough explanation to why Dunnys part as Fifth Business should make him so angry about the article written for him. The beginning half of the book was more interesting for me because it was more about Dunnys childhood and young adulthood. I found that more interesting than his later years. Because I didnt find the latter half of the book too exciting, I guess I didnt expect the ending to be anything special. It was just the ending of a letter. I couldnt think of a different ending to suit this story. Despite the fact that this book was not extraordinary, the author did an amazing job of creating a mans whole life in which many events happened. Davies, Robertson. Fifth Business. Toronto: The Macmillan Company of Canada Limited, 1970. 266 pages

Dictionary of the Khazars. Roman vocabulary of 100,000 words. Mens version of Review Essay Example

Dictionary of the Khazars. Roman vocabulary of 100,000 words. Mens version of Review Paper Essay on Dictionary of the Khazars. Roman vocabulary of 100,000 words. Mens version of Any more or less serious writer aims to step beyond the bounds of his word everyday life, beyond material experience or just tell a story and make money. In the end, the reader to decide. ****** By setting his novel form of the lexicon, Milorad Pavic wanted to condemn him to immortality. The reason is simple: the dictionary is something that from time to time seek, where taking the words and definitions, sometimes images and stories. Dictionary something with which reconciled. He will continue after the experiment: Landscape, painted tea a book, a crossword puzzle, Inner Side of the Wind a book-clepsydra (water clock), Last Love in Constantinople the book-taro, but the Dictionary of the Khazars will do for him dictionary. Therefore, critics say that the Serbs wrote one book all his life, his wife would speak of his work as a construction of the archipelago Pavic, he himself says about his single library. We will write a custom essay sample on Dictionary of the Khazars. Roman vocabulary of 100,000 words. Mens version of Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dictionary of the Khazars. Roman vocabulary of 100,000 words. Mens version of Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dictionary of the Khazars. Roman vocabulary of 100,000 words. Mens version of Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But, perhaps, we should not exaggerate the value of the form dictionary of the Khazars, it hypertextuality. The label author of the first book of the XXI century unquestionable only in the narrow sense, in fact, Hypertextuality. But it is not necessary to reduce it to opportunism experiment and flirting with the reader, say, an old man already back in 1984 wanted to be an inveterate prophet, anticipating the fun of the 21st century the Internet and the virtual space and provide an ideal structured for this text. By the way, there is a CD-ROM with the book, where the text of the Dictionary of the Khazars is made with hyperlinks, so wander on it is possible somehow sophisticated. Milorad Pavic invites the reader to create his novel of the proposed entries, reading them in any order and from any place, to make a kind of mystical literature Exercise. But the consciousness tends to organize, so if you have the concentration does not get lost in the lexicon articles, it still line up a common plot structure for this there are things quite objective, for example, characters and time, let the last author and glides like a dream. Most promised discrepancy lies not in the form of, and in the ambivalence of the text, rich characters, and aphoristic speech. After all, even the classic novel form with each reading can give rise to no one thought firstborn plot-novel event takes place in the VIII -. IX century. Khazar Kagan confused dream in which an angel is broadcast to him, the Creator of the road your intentions, but not your deeds. dream catchers do not give the expected response, so it tends to gain wisdom for himself and his people from the three wise men of Abraham : Islamic, Christian and Jewish. Which will be convincing the other shepherd, and he shall shave off his flock. Soon, history will overwrite traces of the Khazars, which will serve as a breeding ground for this historical hoax. The Serbian so tightly inveigle myth in history that etches out of her fair share of rationality, turning history into a monolith of myth and fact. But he does so without malice, he reveals his motive appears to the reader Feoktistov Nikolsky. Chronicler Teoctist Nikolsky, rewriting others books, at some point says that he has the words in saliva longer than the author and begin to supplement with new words they copied books and stories as Pavic. And moves them one desire to get rid of the Sisyphean stone of boredom, thats where the problem is. In order, however, not all so definitely, but Pavic is not going to fool the reader, he hopes for him. While reading, I wanted to turn the layers of meaning stingy, but poetic prose, representing not more literary and oral tradition of legends and myths. It is their Pavic inveigle in history, erasing the line between truth and fiction, dream and reality. Here lute from the shell white turtle comes to life on the day of death of the owner and sails the Black Sea, is of sand emerges temple and disappears before the two monks have time to say a modest Our Father, is part of the soul Nefesh, Ruach and neshmah hover color lights through the pages. I tried to follow the dictionary of the Khazars and keep rational dictionary near, as he did with Umberto Eco. I cross-checked it, Foucaults Pendulum with paths interpretations of Kabbalah, I studied the biography of the last of the Grand Masters of the Knights Templar, Jacques de Molay, I realized that Umberto Eco text is overloaded, but persistently broke through characters shelves, I was rewarded look so obryaschite. But Khazar dictionary I limped and stumbled on something, something about fruit Ku unconsciousness Princess ATEX is an icon-demons, I could not do anything until you denied it, and did not catch the somnambulistic rhythm of the text and its symbolism. I let her drive Pavic dreams and swam in all three books and appendixam dictionary. I became one of the characters created by the reality that only a dream slumbering Pavic demiurge In general, sleep in the Dictionary main matter -. Time of the adhesive (the story takes place in the VIII IX, XVII and XX centuries) and God Wednesday. Christians, Muslims, Jews and the Khazars are looking for in a dream and collect on particles forefather Adam, Adam, or Adam Kadmon Rouhani, seeking, looking at the bottom of sleep, to keep up with all his life to collect at least his hair But this novel is not a dogma, too most of ecumenism is not about right or wrong, so soon they are not there. Its more of a lullaby, carrying away beyond the ordinary experience. After all, every serious writer is trying in some way to break out of the line, at least created the world and poisoned to the reader ****** Speaking to ICQ: He said: listen, Im Pavic decided to read his Khazar dictionary:) She: Pavic? O_o But he vypendrezhnik and nemoden already; -P He said: hmm well, what nemoden to hell with it, but at the expense of vypendrezhnika well see;)

Free Essays on River Symbolism In Huck Finn

The Mississippi River is a crucial symbol of freedom in the novel, â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. It provides an escape for Huck and Jim from the restrictions of society and from civilization. This symbol has a great significance to the story’s plot as well as its structure. As Huck and Jim set off down the river, it moves freely, fluidly and smoothly, and yet it is fast-paced. This represents the way the two characters are feeling at the time, free from society’s grip and able to quickly change their views and attitudes about each other. However, images of society are given along side the sides of this river, even though Huck and Jim are trying to escape them. Jim especially sees the river as a method of freedom, because his whole life he has been restricted even more than Huck or Tom have. Both characters regardless enjoy the rush they get when they travel down the river on their raft of sovereignty. Because they do not have to answer to anyone’s demands, Huck and Jim take pleasure in having the river take them away to their freedom. However, the outside world tries to invade the raft and ruin the characters’ quest for liberty. It brings them floods and criminals, among other things. It also blocks their path to freedom, which was meant to be the Ohio River, when it causes a dark, thick fog to obstruct their view. So, the river is not always on the characters’ side. As Huck and Jim run into characters who intend on bringing their downfall, they take the river as a mode of escape. This gives them temporary freedom from their problems, however it brings another problem in turn. Huck and Jim, by doing this, push themselves further into these bad situations, and the river soon becomes more of a method of quick escape rather than a heavenly means of freedom. Also, the river pushes them further into the Southern area, which poses a problem for Jim. Again, showing that the river can go against the charac... Free Essays on River Symbolism In Huck Finn Free Essays on River Symbolism In Huck Finn The Mississippi River is a crucial symbol of freedom in the novel, â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. It provides an escape for Huck and Jim from the restrictions of society and from civilization. This symbol has a great significance to the story’s plot as well as its structure. As Huck and Jim set off down the river, it moves freely, fluidly and smoothly, and yet it is fast-paced. This represents the way the two characters are feeling at the time, free from society’s grip and able to quickly change their views and attitudes about each other. However, images of society are given along side the sides of this river, even though Huck and Jim are trying to escape them. Jim especially sees the river as a method of freedom, because his whole life he has been restricted even more than Huck or Tom have. Both characters regardless enjoy the rush they get when they travel down the river on their raft of sovereignty. Because they do not have to answer to anyone’s demands, Huck and Jim take pleasure in having the river take them away to their freedom. However, the outside world tries to invade the raft and ruin the characters’ quest for liberty. It brings them floods and criminals, among other things. It also blocks their path to freedom, which was meant to be the Ohio River, when it causes a dark, thick fog to obstruct their view. So, the river is not always on the characters’ side. As Huck and Jim run into characters who intend on bringing their downfall, they take the river as a mode of escape. This gives them temporary freedom from their problems, however it brings another problem in turn. Huck and Jim, by doing this, push themselves further into these bad situations, and the river soon becomes more of a method of quick escape rather than a heavenly means of freedom. Also, the river pushes them further into the Southern area, which poses a problem for Jim. Again, showing that the river can go against the charac...

Mandatory Vaccines Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mandatory Vaccines - Research Paper Example Parents in the US have, for many years, been reluctant to have their children vaccinated because of the supposed link between Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism. This fear can partly be attributed to the fact; despite the overarching research on autism, there are still gaps in the identification of its causal factors. Parents are inclined toward suspecting MMR vaccine as the causal factor for autism because vaccination will have some impact on the child’s health over the passage of time. However, there is plentiful evidence from research that suggests that there is no valid reason or evidence that supports the consideration of MMR vaccine to be a cause of autism in children. In their research, Neal A. Halsey, Susan L. Hyman, and the Conference Writing Panel (2001) reviewed all information presented on the link by the parents, physicians, and scientists and found that there is no scientific cause-and-effect relationship between MMR vaccine and autism. The board further discussed the actual causes of autism and emphasizes a need for the pediatricians to ensure the reception of immunizations (Halsey et al., 2001). Gerber and Offit (2008) found more than 20 studies from researchers from all across the globe that could not find any evidence that would suggest the existence of a link between vaccines and autism. These scientifically incorrect theories are misleading and undermine the true causal factors of autism, substituting them with vaccination in the early childhood. Not only has vaccination found to have no cause-and-effect relationship with autism by a number of studies, but also certain studies have shown how not vaccinating can induce motor developmental abnormalities in children. Chelsea Flowers Anderson shares the story of Jennifer Russo discussing how her experience with her daughter transformed her from being anti-vax

Everyday uses of mathematics 0920 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Everyday uses of mathematics 0920 - Essay Example One simply cannot cook unless one is not able to get the proportion of varied ingredients that need to be put in a particular dish. One cannot cook varied recipes given in cook books and magazines if one does not know the basic mathematics to be able to calculate the quantity of varied spices and ingredients that one needs to put in a dish one is cooking. Once again, driving a car is a fairly common activity. Yet, the thing is that to know as to when one will reach one’s destination one need to know about the distance at which a place is located and the speed of one’s car. Only then one is able to calculate the time when he will reach the intended destination. Once again, this requires knowledge of basic mathematics. Students and household people do keep weekly and monthly budgets to keep an eye on their expenditure and savings. Again it is not possible to make and manage household budgets unless one does not know how to count the money one has at one’s disposal and as to how to add, subtract, divide and multiply varied sums of money. The one other thing students and professionals do is to keep a weekly and monthly planner to be able to manage their routines and to keep an eye on the time they have at their disposal. Again, one really cannot keep oneself organized and punctual by keeping a track of one’s t ime if one does not know how to watch time and the basic mathematics to be able to add and subtract time. The other commonly known activity that requires the knowledge of mathematics is the maintenance of personal statistics. People losing weight do keep a track of the pounds they have gained or lost and the change in the circumference of their waist and arms and legs. One really cannot do these things without knowing a little bit of mathematics. Isn’t it interesting to note that one even cannot lose weight without having knowledge of mathematics? People often go to shopping and while

The Paralegal Profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Paralegal Profession - Essay Example Lawyers who handle high profile, media-friendly cases gain the distinct advantage of demanding higher pay and accolades, particularly those who win more cases than their peers. Becoming a lawyer involves a lot of hard work and preparation for students who wish to pursue this career. To begin with, prospective law students must take up a pre-law course, majoring in any field of their choice, before they can proceed to their law degree. Law schools do not require any prerequisite courses for admission. However, most students choose among accounting, economics, philosophy, history, composition and literature, psychology, sociology, political science, religion and logic as their pre-law courses (Abernethy. 1996). Potential law students have many options at their disposal that will enable them to make an informed decision on whether or not to proceed with their desire to pursue a law degree or not. For example, they can sit in on a class or two to get a feel for what is expected from students in a typical law class. They may also join a tour of any law school of their choice or meet with current law students, if they are interested. Abernethy, A. J.D. Ph.D. mentions another option, which is, to â€Å"shadow† a lawyer, following him around for a day or two, just to have an idea of what a typical day for a legal professional is like. It is vital to remember that a lawyer’s daily schedule differs from one day to the next, ranging from a day in court to a long day at the library researching for a case. It is also important to note that the legal profession offers a wide range of fields—from commercial law to tax law to human rights law—so it would help the student considerably if he or she can shadow more than one lawyer (1996). Some students also get the chance to work as â€Å"runners† in a law office before they begin law school. â€Å"Runners offer general clerical assistance but their function usually entails filing papers at the

Child Mortality Rate In India Health And Social Care Essay

Child Mortality Rate In India Health And Social Care Essay Millennium Development Goals (MGDs) are the goals set at the United Nations by the governments in the year 2000.Here eight main goals are agreed by the UN which they try to achieve by 2015. The 8 MDGs are Eradicate Extreme poverty; Achieve Universal Primary education; Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women; Reduce Child Mortality; Improve Maternal Health; Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases; Ensure Environmental Sustainability; Develop a Global Partnership for Development[2].Child Mortality is an important MDG since it affects the improvement in the living standards of a country. It also affects the public health activity. Reducing the child mortality rate worldwide and particularly in the developing nations has been a key globe issue. Almost all countries showed significant improvement in tackling child mortality. Since the last 20 years, even one-third of the underdeveloped countries are successful in bringing down the child mortality by 40 percent [1]. 2. Background The Objectives of this study is to define and discuss the influencing factors of Child mortality in India. The outline and variation in the last 20 years along with the various policies are discussed as well. Definition Child Mortality is defined by WHO as- Probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of that period[3]. The Birth as well as Death data derived from the registration/ surveys are used for calculating the mortality rates. 3. Causes and Trends in under-5 mortality in India In order to achieve the MDG 4, it needs to bring down the Child mortality rate to 39 per thousand live births by the year 2015. Unfortunately, the current rate of advancement is inadequate to achieve this target [4]. In the early 1970s, the yearly Nationwide Child mortality reporting System called Sample Registration System (SRS) was established. It focuses on the registration of Births and Deaths in the country and estimation of Child Mortality indicators. The major reason for child mortality changes considerably along with the age of the child. During neonatal period, the deaths are due to complications during delivary, Low Birth Weight or Premature birth. Later on, infections and other medical conditions constitute the death. In India, Malnutrition, diarrhoea, measles and pneumonia are the familiar reasons for Child death. The SRS report revealed the various causes of Child deaths in India. Perinatal conditions, Respiratory infections and Diarrhoea are the main causes of Child deaths. They constitute 33.1%, 22, 0% and 14% respectively. Other causes of death include unintentional injuries (3.2%), Nutritional deficiencies (2.8%), and Malaria (2.7%). In general, Respiratory infections, Diarrhoea, Malaria and Unintentional injuries contributes more for child deaths in Rural areas whereas Perinatal causes and congenital abnormalities are more in Urban areas. The figure below shows the top 10 causes of Child deaths in India [5]. 4. Child Deaths in India Fig: 4.1 Top 10 causes of Child deaths in India [6] As the age progresses, the possibility of death diminishes. In India, the level of child health inequalities varies from State to state. However, it is meaningful in comparing the level of Health inequalities among the States which provides us an apparent picture of the Indian States. Even though Rajasthan had an increase in Child mortality between 1992 and 1999, it experienced an above-average decline of mortality between 1998 and 2006[4]. Southern states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu are showing constant above-average advancement in Child Survival. In low economy States like Bihar, Orissa and Rajasthan, the Child death rates are very high compared to the rich states like Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra according to the 2005-06 survey. It is difficult to compare these changes on the basis of economy of a state because Kerala, which is not a rich state, has the lowest Child mortality rate in the country[4].The graph below depicts the Child mortality rates in selected States in India. 4.1 Child mortality rates in India Fig 4.1.1 under five mortality rates (%) in selected states in India The trend shows that the Perinatal and Infant mortality Rates are slowing down and remaining stagnant since the 1990s.The figure below shows the trends in Infant and Neonatal Mortality rates in India [7]. 4.2 Infant and Neonatal Mortality rates in India Fig 4.2.1 Infant and Neonatal Mortality rates in India The Studies shows that proximate issues (like medical care and non medical factors), Maternal issues (like age, birth intervals and parity), and House Community level issues (like housing, Sanitation and water) constitutes the reasons for the reduction in speed of decline in Child mortality rate[8]. 5. Child mortality Health Policies in India The main Child health policies of India includes Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) (1975) [9], Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) programme (1992) [10]. And Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) programmme (1997) [11].The National Health Policies aimed at reduction in the Child Mortality Rates. In 1885, a Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) was introduced. It included Pulse Polio Immunisation (PPI) (Vaccination against Poliomyelitis), DPT vaccine (Vaccination against Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus) and BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin- Vaccination against Tuberculosis) [10]. Appreciable improvement was acquired initially since it covered about 90% population. In 1886, The National Technology Mission (NTM) took over UIP and equipped to be functional in all the districts of the country by the year 1990. 5.1 Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Indias ICDS is the biggest integrated Childhood programme which was introduced in 1975. It has over 40,000 centres all over the country. UNICEF joining with the World Bank assisted in commencing the ICDS and is still providing technical as well as financial supports. At present it covers more than 23 million children less than 6 years of age [9]. ICDS targets at regulating the health nutrition as well as development of children. Besides this it provides preschool education for children 3 to 6, educating mothers and giving additional feeding for children and pregnant women. It provides anganwadi/ childcare centres [9]. During the past years, ICDS was successful in meeting their aims and objectives. The government of the country reorganized it for making it commonly accessible for providing more opportunity for all children in the country [9]. 5.2Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) programme The Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) introduced in 1985 was an opening so that it covered all children and mothers. This motivated the starting of an advanced programme known as Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) programme obtaining financial supports from UNICEF and World Bank[10].The main aims of CSSM was, Widening the UIP so that it can cover all pregnant women and Children between the age of 9 months and 3 years. It also introduced Oral Rehydration Therapy Programme aimed at minimising the child mortality due to diarrhoea [10]. CSSM programme is completely a National Family Welfare Programme which supplies vaccines, ORS packs, Cold chain apparatus, medicines etc. to all the states of the Nation. Besides this, funds are also provided for proper execution of the programme [10]. 5.3Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) programmme The RCH programme launched in 1997 aimed at providing excellent services which help to achieve the population firmness by improving the quality of reproductive life. The focus area of the RCT was management and anticipation of unwanted pregnancies, maternal care and Child Survival schemes for children [11]. RCH aims in broadening immunisation, child care, and delivary care. More focus given for enhancing neonatal care on every aspect. Another aim of RCT is the abolition of Polio virus by bringing in Hepatitis in UIP pack[11]. 6. Challenges faced by the country in improving child mortality Maternal Factors There are relations between the Health of the Mother and the condition of the Child. Maternal features plays important role in birth outcome as well as child survival. Poor nutritional status, lower literacy rates, early marriage and child bearing, less antenatal care, lack of access to the health services are some of the most important maternal factors influencing Child mortality [13]. In order to reduce child mortality, proper maternal care should be taken. Socio-economic inequalities It is another challenge faced by the country. Poor children are in danger compared to the others. The risks include inadequate water sanitation, air pollution etc. Comparatively, they will be undernourished so that there will be more chance for severe disorders [13]. Another fact is that, access to quality treatments and facilities are not gained by these groups of Children. So the Child survival extremely depends on the Socio-economic inequalities starting from exposure, resistance, care taking till the proper intervention. Due to these factors poor children are more likely to die [13]. Urban and Rural residence also plays role in Child mortality. In India, like other developing countries, the living circumstances are poorer in rural areas than the Urban. Along with that, the health care facilities will be of poorer quality. These variations in rural and urban areas definitely affect the child mortality [12]. Membership in Religion and Caste The membership in Religion and Caste is another challenge for the child mortality. This will be due to the living manner based on customs and beliefs. The tradition followed by the scheduled caste or scheduled tribes is known to affect many aspect of Child life in India [13]. In the country, it is found that the Child mortality is more among the Hindu caste/tribe group which is followed by Hindu Non-caste/tribe group, Muslims and Other religions [12]. At the state level this is not true. 7. Chances of attaining MDG 4 by 2015 By 2015, India needs to reduce its Child Mortality to 39 per 1000 live births in order to achieve the MDG 4. According to the present rate of progress the target will not be achieved by 2015(4). On the other hand, there is uneven decrease in neonatal infant and child mortality. So, MDG 4 can be achieved by the country by an extra acceleration of the reduction in child mortality rate. This should be chiefly in Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan (5). Focus should be given for implementation of the policies in the proper manner by extending the coverage of skilled persons to support mothers, treatment for pneumonia, diarrhoea and community protection programmes. So, by improving the performance in all the areas, MDG 4 can be achieved in India. 8. Conclusions In India, up to the year 2000, Child mortality has reduced significantly. Factors like maternal and Child health policies are considered to be played the major role in bringing down these rates [8]. But now in the country, more child deaths are recorded per year compared to all other countries so that they are not going to meet up with the goal if the trend is continuing like this [5]. Considerable reductions in Child mortality can be achieved in the country only if additional strengthening is given to National as well as community level Health Systems. New approaches should be introduced for pacing the Child mortality reduction rate. So, the Govt. of India should re-evaluate the Nations present goals and move ahead with better plans for developing the Child Health [8]. Ongoing child health plans and policies like abolition of Vaccine- preventable child diseases and the other definite treatments related to children should be re considered for making changes [8]. MDG4 in the country c an be only achieved if crucial act is taken in order to speed up the child mortality reduction rates. It should be done by spotlighting the most affected states namely, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh [5]. Numerous socioeconomic factors also have considerable effect on Child mortality. It will be impossible to improve the socioeconomic status of each and every family in the country within a short period of time. But, by targeting high risk families, the Child Survival can be advanced by the information gained from the family health programmes. Vaccination against tetanus should be given to pregnant women, which will significantly reduce the neo-natal deaths. Family health programmes should be strengthened here as well so that basic health care services can be gained by all pregnant women.

Elasticity :: Economics, Price

Introduction Elasticity is one of the most important theories in economics and it is a measure of responsiveness (Baker, 2006)i. There are mainly two types of elasticity, the elasticity of demand which includes price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand, and cross elasticity of demand as well as elasticity of supply (McConnell, Brue, & Flynn, 2009)ii. The degree to which a demand or supply curve reacts to a change in price is the curve's elasticity (Lingham, 2009)iii. Elasticity varies among products because some products may be more essential to the consumer. Consumer Price elasticity plays an important role in the lives of consumers. The price elasticity of demand is the sensitivity of the demand for a product when its price changes (McConnell, Brue, & Flynn, 2009)iv. Cafes like Panera Bread refuses payments from customers and politely asked them instead to â€Å"take what you need, and leave your fair share† (Strom & Gay, 2010)v, resulting in more people getting goods like food at a fair price that they are willing to pay. Based on the income elasticity of demand, consumers can get a better and healthier life as they will buy things with better quality as their income rises. People will go to Italiannies for pizza and not to Pizza Hut as Italiannies offers a better, tastier, healthier and wider variety of choices, even when it is more expensive. With cross elasticity of demand, consumers can get the same quality product at a cheaper price as the rivalry between substitute goods will result in price reduction or improved quality. Consumers get to travel by MAS Airlines at a cheaper price as the rivalry between MAS and other airline companies has caused its price reduction (Gunasegaran, 2011)vi. Consumers with a low budget can also buy what they need. Consumers can get more value from a package offer when buying complementary goods as they â€Å"go together†, for example: McDonald's McValue Lunch which comprises of a burger, fries, and soft drink, all for only RM5.95 onwards (My Food Fetish, 2009)vii. With this, consumers can get convenience when buying certain products. Business Elasticity is also prominent to businesses. The price elasticity of demand is very important for companies to determine the price of their products and their total sales and revenue. Newell showed that by cutting the price of the Left 4 Dead game in half to $25 during a Valve promotion, its sales increased by 3000 percent (Irwin, 2009)viii.

Heart of Darkness Inner Evil

Final Paper Realization of the inner evil in the Heart of Darkness. Evil is an inherent part of all humans. This is clearly illustrated in the novella Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad. As Marlow takes on the journey to find Kurtz, he really is taking a journey to find himself. Much to his dismay he realizes that the same evil Kurtz possesses, he possesses as well. Conrad uses this realization to show the reader that under the right circumstances, evil can overtake anyone’s mind and actions. When Marlow was sent on the mission to find Kurtz, his true self came out.Kurtz was like Marlow when he first entered the Congo; he had good intentions. Marlow’s trip down the Congo represents a journey into his inner self. As he traveled further down the Congo he began to learn more about himself and became more savage. He started to realize he had more in common with the native savages than his own people. Kurtz was known as a smart and honorable man. He had been in the Congo fo r a very long time before Marlow was sent to look for him. Kurtz had been secluded from society for quite some time and had become a powerful, godlike presence over the inhabitants of the Congo.He was originally sent to find ivory but found power. The power he possessed was the power to be evil. â€Å"Kurtz became ‘savage’†¦ disconnected as it is from the restraining impulses of civilization, untrammeled, without sidewalks, or police men,† ( At the Heart of Darkness: Crimes Against Humanity and the Banality of Evil, Brigit and Daniel Maier-Katkin). The fact that Kurtz had no one to answer to, and, no one to judge him, gave him the opportunity to be evil. In the Congo, the only punishment is death, and Kurtz made sure that he wasn’t the one who’d be killed.With good knowledge of Kurtz, Marlow was still eager to meet him. When Marlow finally met Kurtz he found evil. He realized the evil within all humans. Conrad shows the reader what man is witho ut society, rules, and regulations. The reader learns how man can become a vicious animal in the wild and how it can exist in all people. When Marlow found Kurtz, he was very weak and was close to death. â€Å"As Kurtz emerges from his blankets †¦ his moribund condition is also personally retributive, and oblique revenge on himself. (Lying as Dying in Heart of Darkness by Garret Stewart. ) Conrad shows us the peril and consequence of evil with the condition that Kurtz is in. He reminds the reader that being evil is not the right way to live and will eventually take its toll on a person’s mind, body, and soul. Kurtz dies on the way back home in the boat and his last words were â€Å"The horror, the horror. † â€Å"His was an impenetrable darkness. I looked at him as you peer down at a man who is lying at the bottom of a precipice where the sun never shines,† Marlow said about Kurtz.This shows how empty and cold Kurtz looked as he was dying. When Marlow retu rned home he comes across Kurtz’s fiance. She was upset and asked Marlow about Kurtz’ last words. He lies to her and tells her his last words were her name. He lied because he didn’t have the heart to tell her that Kurtz went insane and became evil, he kept it to himself and made her last thought of Kurtz a good one: â€Å"I could not tell her. It would have been too dark-too dark altogether†¦. † Marlow's journey into the heart of darkness, into his inner self, was a positive life lesson.Kurtz, who represented evil, went down with the evil. When Marlow came out of the Congo he survived evil, he did not give in to the evil that was present throughout his journey. Marlow did not succumb to the temptations that Kurtz did. Even though he lies to Kurtz’ fiance he has still become a good person. He will forever remember the memory of Kurtz and the inner evil that he came across in the heart of darkness. Conrad shows that in the end evil will fail an d good will prevail.

5 First Steps for Finding Your Roots

5 First Steps for Finding Your Roots Youve decided to dig into your family history but arent sure where to begin? These five basic steps will get you started on the fascinating journey into your past. 1. Begin With Names First names, middle names, last names, nicknames...names often provide an important window into the past. Names in your family tree can be found by looking at old certificates and documents, by asking your relatives, and by looking at family photos and newspaper clippings (wedding announcements, obituaries, etc.). Search especially for maiden names for any female ancestors as they may help identify the parents, taking you back a generation in the family tree. Naming patterns used in the family may also hold a clue to previous generations. Family surnames were often adopted as given names, as were middle names which sometimes indicate the maiden name of a mother or grandmother. Watch also for nicknames, as they may also help you identify your ancestors. Expect to encounter plenty of spelling variations as name spellings and pronounciations generally evolve over time, and the surname your family uses now may not be the same as the one they began with. Names are also often just written down wrong, by people who spelled phonetically, or by individuals trying to transcribe messy handwriting for an index. 2. Compile Vital Statistics As you search for the names in your family tree, you should also gather the vital statistics that go with them. Most importantly you should look for dates and places of births, marriages, and deaths. Again, turn to the papers and photos in your home for clues, and ask your relatives for any details they can provide. If you run across conflicting accounts - two different birth dates for great Aunt Emma, for example - just record them both until more information comes along which helps point to one or the other. 3. Collect Family Stories As you quiz your relatives about names and dates, take time to elicit and write down their stories as well. The history in your family history begins with these memories, helping you to really get to know the people your ancestors were. Among these stories, you may learn of special family traditions or famous family legends that have been passed down from generation to generation. While they will likely contain some creative remembrances and embellishments, family stories generally have some basis in fact, providing clues for further research. 4. Select a Focus After gathering names, dates, and stories about your family, the next step is to choose a specific ancestor, couple, or family line on which to focus your search. You could choose to learn more about your dads parents, an ancestor you were named after, or all descendants of your maternal grandparents. The key here isnt what or who you choose to study, just that it is a small enough project to be manageable. This is especially important if youre just starting out on your family tree quest. People who try to do it all at once tend to get bogged down in details, often overlooking important clues to their past. 5. Chart Your Progress Genealogy is basically one big puzzle. If you dont put the pieces together in just the right way, then youll never get to see the final picture. To make sure your puzzle pieces end up in the proper positions  pedigree charts and family group sheets  can help you record your research data and keep track of your progress. Genealogy software programs are another good option for recording your information and will allow you to print out the data in a nice variety of chart formats. Blank genealogy charts can also be downloaded and printed for free from many different websites. Dont forget to take a little time out to record what youve looked at and what you found (or didnt find)!

the empire strikes back essays

the empire strikes back essays A normal, everyday person called Legolas (yes, the elf from LOTR.), who lived in the United States of America, suddenly wakes up by a strange, loud, high pitched sound, with continuously changing frequencies from his window. Fearful, he then goes to his wardrobe and picks up his bow and a couple of arrows and prepares to defend for his life. Shaking with fright he cautiously walks outside where he sees an incredibly small creature walking in a very slow tempo towards to him. It was about the size of a football, with 3 legs and 3 hands and without a head. Then once seeing the creature, Legolas starts screaming with a scared and unstable voice who the h*** are you? What are you doing in my yard? and then the small creature listening to his screaming got more apprehensive and then the alien dude started screaming as well. The creatures voice was so evil and high pitched, that the man couldnt stand it for one second more, so he decided to kill it. Then he aimed the bow at the aliens body and with one quick motion released the arrow. At once a strange very low frequency noise started sounding to his left behind him. So Legolas turned around to see a giant ring shaped spaceship. Then suddenly in the blink of an eye the spaceships door slowly began to open and then out of nowhere bright writing appeared, One Ring to rule them all. One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them. Legolas stood there all confused watching this writing, trying to understand why it appeared here. Why to him? Then the door ful ly opened and to Legolas horror dark figures began to appear. Legolas heart began to beat fast. Faster as these figures got nearer and nearer, Legolas turned and ran and didnt stop till he made it into his house, where he hid from these mysterious dark figures and saved his life. These dark figures made there way away from Legolas&a...

Neo-Liberalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Neo-Liberalism - Essay Example use, with private businesses, wealth trickles downwards from the rich capital owners to the middle class and low income earners, since businesses and industries create jobs. These jobs, together with the revenue they churn, help pump money into the economy, and thereby leading to more jobs. Because of the above standpoints, the government should let markets be controlled by market forces, so that there is free international trade (Philoguy, 1). Opponents of neo-liberalism criticize it for its unregulated free markets as is promoted by neoliberals by arguing that free markets deny governments of sources of revenue, since governments are not supposed to exact tariffs on goods and services that are being traded. Again, the same argue that leaving markets and industries in the hands of market forces automatically means, making a dereliction on price controls and consumer protection. This therefore paves way for exploitation of the masses by entrepreneurs and rich capital owners. There are others who see unregulated free markets as unfeasible because it is based on assumptions that markets are equal yet they are not (Luxton and Braedley,

Social Engineering and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Engineering and the Law - Essay Example But for every good example there are likely to be bad ones. In Canada, the government used to take away Native children from their families and educate them in residential schools. The idea was to try to acculturate the children by teaching them better English and making it easier for them to be absorbed into the White population. Instead of working, this example of social engineering created a lot of unhappiness and misery. The government has since apologized for its policy which is widely seen as a failure. Part of the problem is that a law is a very broad thing and it is hard to account for individual differences when you plan to change people’s behavior. It is a bit like trying to perform surgery with a sledge hammer. Nevertheless politicians continue to push for social engineering because the idea is often popular at first blush. Currently one of Nancy Pelosi and Harry Reid’s big ideas is to introduce a Fairness Doctrine as law.1 This would make it legally necessary for radio stations to have an equal amount of political time for each side of the political spectrum—instead of just putting on shows that people or the market want. If this law comes into effect it may make people more left-wing (as a lot of talk radio is now conservative). This might be a smart political move: socially engineering more Democratic voters would result in larger majorities in the House and Senate! Usually politics is at the heart of plans to change people’s behavior en masse. Although I do not generally like the idea of social engineering, as you may observe from my above statements, if I were told I could socially engineer anything I would think long and hard. One of the ways many politicians try to alter behavior is by changing the tax rates. If I could do anything I would implement a law creating a flat tax. The current tax system is called a â€Å"progressive† system. The more money that you make the more tax you must pay. On the face of it

Report and Letter Concerning Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Report and Letter Concerning Law - Case Study Example First of all, Mr. Ford is liable for having been negligent to Ms. Smith.   In the case of negligence, one must establish a duty of care.   To define negligence is to realize that it is the following.   It is:   â€Å"[c]onduct that falls below the standards of behavior established by law for the protection of others against the unreasonable risk of harm.   A person has acted negligently if he or she has departed from the conduct expected of a reasonably prudent person acting under similar circumstances.†      Obviously, Mr. Ford’s conduct was well below standards established by law to protect others against risk of harm according to the rules of the road.   Mr. Ford put Ms. Smith at unreasonable risk of harm.   Mr. Ford, subsequentially, by diverting his vehicle from the proper direction on the road in front of him, did not act as a reasonably prudent person in making the choice to pass the cars that were ahead of him—solely for the purpose of o vertaking the cars in front of him.To maintain negligence was a â€Å"cause of action,† there are four criteria which must be met:1. â€Å" [T]he defendant had a duty [or a promise to exercisecare] to the plaintiff..[;] [2.]   [T]he defendant breached that duty by failing to conform to the required standard of conduct..[;] [3.]   [T]he defendant’s negligent conduct was the cause of   harm to the plaintiff..[;] and [4.]   [T]he plaintiff was, in fact, harmed or damaged.†Ã‚  ... 1. " [T]he defendant had a duty [or a promise to exercise care] to the plaintiff..[;] [2.] [T]he defendant breached that duty by failing to conform to the required standard of conduct..[;] [3.] [T]he defendant's negligent conduct was the cause of harm to the plaintiff..[;] and [4.] [T]he plaintiff was, in fact, harmed or damaged."3 As it concerns Mr. Ford, he first had an obligation to Ms. Smith that that he had the duty to her to be a responsible driver. He then breached such obligation to be a responsible driver by going into her lane just because he wanted to overtake the line of cars ahead of him. Mr. Ford's third cause of action, that his conduct was harmful to Ms. Smith-as Ms. Smith consequentially broke her left fibula and was left with three cracked ribs-is an obvious factor, seeing as how the facts of the case prove this. Lastly, it is apparent that Ms. Smith was harmed in the accident. All of these aspects help prove further that Mr. Ford was negligent towards Ms. Smith. From having suffered this negligence, Ms. Smith has some recourse in presenting her case as a personal injury case in court. Ms. Smith could sue for pain and suffering incurred, which would include the "mental and emotional trauma which are recoverable as elements of damage in torts."4 Mr. Ford would not be able to receive any monetary awards due to damages on his car. He would have no case, as he would be the defendant. Further, the fact that Ms. Smith was convicted of not having vehicle insurance two days prior to the accident does not have a bearing on her receiving benefits from this torts case. However, Mr. Ford is liable to Ms. Smith for having been the cause of Ms. Smith's health problems and subsequent future

A historical perspective on the Western civilization Essay Example for Free

A historical perspective on the Western civilization Essay In our day, we instinctively associate Western Civilization with liberty, individualism and reason. However, liberal democracy is more recent phenomena. Many crucial aspects of the civilization of Western countries of today developed from the time of French and American revolutions. The nineteenth century laid a strong foundation to the twentieth century Western civilization. Before 1800 CE, however, the modern Western civilization was in many ways in formative stages. For example, the radical belief in human equality, under the premise that all men are born equal, was framed in the American constitution only in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. From its origins in the aftermath of the fall of Roman Empire to the beginning of the nineteenth century, Western Civilization had experienced two radically different phases, the one preceding Renaissance, and the one during and following Renaissance. The beginnings of the age of Renaissance mark a clear break from the Dark Ages in the thinking, attitudes and world-view of the people. The gradual emergence of logical and analytical thought, the blossoming of rational and a rigorously scientific world-view is a most unique phenomenon in the whole history of humanity. It is this most fundamental characteristic of the Western vivilization that has paved the way for technology and progress, creating the modern world. The outburst of rational thinking in Europe during the four hundred years from 1400–1800 CE is chiefly responsible for taking humanity to the next stage of evolution. It was the most defining period not only of Western vivilization, but of human civilization as such. Although there is a tremendous contrast between the Medieval Ages and the Age of Renaissance, it has come to the light of modern scholarship that the cultural achievements of the so-called Dark Ages in Europe, lasting for roughly thousand years between 400 1400 CE, have been many and varied. This period, particularly during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, has witnessed great cultural flourishing in its own right. Those times were not lacking in significant events and meaningful and though-enriching contributions to Western civilization. It is nevertheless justifiable to call them the Dark Ages, because, despite an interesting measure of cultural efflorescence, those periods were not marked by the freedom of the human mind, something that has become the quintessential characteristic of the Western civilization in more recent centuries. Most civilizations all the world over have witnessed an outburst of art and creativity at some period or other. However, except for Athens in the 5th century BC, Alexandria just before the commencement of Dark Ages, and Baghdad during 8th and 9th centuries A. D. , all of which had been stifled enterprises, no civilization in history of mankind launched a systematic and sustained quest into the reality of man and the natural world. It is this Socratic quest for knowledge, truth and meaning of human life that lies at the heart of the precious and unique phenomenon that the Western civilization is.

Prejudice, Racism and Power in Heart of Darkness Essays -- HOD Joseph

Race and Power in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚   In Joseph Conrad's novella, Heart of Darkness, the socially constructed differences of African and European cultures are effective in representing the power sites of the time. The alleged `superiority' of the European culture can be recognized by comparing their ideologies to those of the primitive, `inferior' `savages.' Conrad's personal experiences in the Belgian Congo, in the 1890s, influenced the compilation of Heart of Darkness, reflecting the waste and inefficiency of British Colonialism. Conrad referred to the colonization of Africa as, "the vilest scramble for loot that ever disfigured the history of human conscience and geographical exploration."(Joffe, 78) The cultural differentiation between the two races is utilized as a mechanism for the European society to justify the cruelty, suppression and alienation towards the African people.    Contrasts between white and black throughout the text, encourage the reader to identify the marginalized and the dominating race. The European society being `white' is presented as `greater' against which the `black' African society is judged as `lesser.' Marlow refers to the city of Brussels as a "whited sepulchre"(p24), which represents the splendor and glory of the city, hiding the corruption and darkness beneath. This ostentatious image of Brussels is then contrasted to the calamity visited upon an African village. "The village was deserted, the huts gaped black, rotting, all askew within the fallen enclosures."(p24). This austere image of death and desolation, confronts the reader with the power and callousness of the European society. The horrific scene of dying natives, "in every pose of contorted collapse... ...ds the Africans and positions them to challenge the power structures in their own society. As a modern reader, I bring my knowledge of aboriginal racism in Australia to the text, to acquire an enhanced understanding of the unequal power relationships in Conrad's Eurocentric society. The text has confronted me with the reality of the discrimination in my own society, which is inherent throughout the ideologies surrounding race, gender and class.    Works Consulted: Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. Editor Robert Kimbrough. New York: Norton, 1988. Guetti, James. 'Heart of Darkness and the Failure of the Imagination', Sewanee Review LXXIII, No. 3 (Summer 1965), pp. 488-502. Ed. C. B. Cox. Ruthven, K. K. 'The Savage God: Power in Heart of Darkness,' Critical Quarterly, x, nos 1& 2 (Spring and Summer 1988), pp. 41-6. Ed. C. B. Cox.       Prejudice, Racism and Power in Heart of Darkness Essays -- HOD Joseph Race and Power in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚   In Joseph Conrad's novella, Heart of Darkness, the socially constructed differences of African and European cultures are effective in representing the power sites of the time. The alleged `superiority' of the European culture can be recognized by comparing their ideologies to those of the primitive, `inferior' `savages.' Conrad's personal experiences in the Belgian Congo, in the 1890s, influenced the compilation of Heart of Darkness, reflecting the waste and inefficiency of British Colonialism. Conrad referred to the colonization of Africa as, "the vilest scramble for loot that ever disfigured the history of human conscience and geographical exploration."(Joffe, 78) The cultural differentiation between the two races is utilized as a mechanism for the European society to justify the cruelty, suppression and alienation towards the African people.    Contrasts between white and black throughout the text, encourage the reader to identify the marginalized and the dominating race. The European society being `white' is presented as `greater' against which the `black' African society is judged as `lesser.' Marlow refers to the city of Brussels as a "whited sepulchre"(p24), which represents the splendor and glory of the city, hiding the corruption and darkness beneath. This ostentatious image of Brussels is then contrasted to the calamity visited upon an African village. "The village was deserted, the huts gaped black, rotting, all askew within the fallen enclosures."(p24). This austere image of death and desolation, confronts the reader with the power and callousness of the European society. The horrific scene of dying natives, "in every pose of contorted collapse... ...ds the Africans and positions them to challenge the power structures in their own society. As a modern reader, I bring my knowledge of aboriginal racism in Australia to the text, to acquire an enhanced understanding of the unequal power relationships in Conrad's Eurocentric society. The text has confronted me with the reality of the discrimination in my own society, which is inherent throughout the ideologies surrounding race, gender and class.    Works Consulted: Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. Editor Robert Kimbrough. New York: Norton, 1988. Guetti, James. 'Heart of Darkness and the Failure of the Imagination', Sewanee Review LXXIII, No. 3 (Summer 1965), pp. 488-502. Ed. C. B. Cox. Ruthven, K. K. 'The Savage God: Power in Heart of Darkness,' Critical Quarterly, x, nos 1& 2 (Spring and Summer 1988), pp. 41-6. Ed. C. B. Cox.      

Micro Environmental Factors Essay

What micro environmental factors have affected Xerox’s performance since the late 1990s? Xerox has dominated the industry by inventing photocopying, but changes in the internal environment shook its fortune and market value. At the beginning of technological change, Xerox lacked a solid management level. Poor leadership makes poor marketing decisions. Restricted product options limited necessary opportunities for growth and staying atop competition. They were stuck on the copying and printing technology at the time when the customer market moved on to sharing documents and information digitally. The inability to meet customers’ demands drove down the stock price and cost the company profits. To stay in business, Xerox had to make changes in marketing channel firms, namely the revision of suppliers, by outsourcing to China. It improved product cost, while preserving quality and creating better customer value. Vast management modifications, in form of attaining good leadership, cutting down on workforce, and changing focus from selling product to fitting customer needs, saved company’s economics from declining. It is until the recession of 2001 that negatively marked all economic activities; to recover, Xerox made a major decision to acquire ACS, an IT company. Incorporation has equipped the company with new expertise, capabilities, and business channels to proceed with a new business plan. Importantly, innovations allowed improving document management process, Xerox’s new production and marketing focus, dropping the number of technological errors and lowering labor to complete tasks. As the company expanded offering a broad portfolio of document management technology and services products, it redefined its name and altered Xerox’s competitors from copy machine producers to IT companies like HP and IBM. A new strong competition usually inspires more effort to serve customers better. These changes in the Xerox’s micro environmental factors have positively affected the company’s ability to serve its customers. Being in business for more than 50 years brings the company advantages in the form of branding and strong reputation with consumers and other customers.

Ideas and Issues †what creates a sense of belonging? Essay

The song ‘Took the Children Away’ by Archie Roach conveys the thoughts and feelings of many Aboriginal children that were taken and became the Stolen Generation. Throughout the song Roach talks repeatedly about the sense of loss and trauma suffered through the immense hardships of being taken from familiar surroundings and placed into a foreign setting. Although the song does not provide grim details of the incredible embarrassment of slave labour, Roach strongly focuses on the heartless taking of the children into a surrounding, where they could not ask themselves the basic belonging questions such as, who am I?, What am I worth? And what is my purpose? According to this song the Stolen Generation were left to ponder their identity especially with the words, â€Å"As we grew up we felt alone cause we were acting white yet feeling black†. I feel Roach particularly wanted us to feel sympathy for the Stolen Generation in this song because he focuses on himself as we ll as the Stolen Generation, making the song become personal as he details his own pain. Also, during the second verse Roach sings â€Å"You took the children away, the children away breaking their mother hearts†. This emphasizes that not only children were affected, but families and especially mothers too. For me this conveys his message of the inhumane treatment of the Stolen Generation even more powerful, because he doesn’t focus on one particular group of the Stolen Generation, but on all aspects of the family and how it is affected. â€Å"The children came back, back to their mother, back to their father†¦back to their people.† The song ‘Took the Children Away’ is a powerful song, because it gives an accurate as well as a personal view to the listener, about the hardships and the sense of alienation felt by the Stolen Generation as they could not belong to any race, aboriginal or European. The play, â€Å"Stolen† by Jane Harrison, also focuses on the trauma and psychological abuse suffered by the Stolen Generation. However instead of listening to a song like ‘Took the Children Away’, Stolen immerses the audience with various sounds, smells and sights to portray the incredible friction and alienation felt by many individuals of he Stolen Generation because of the way that they were personally humiliated, physically, mentally and emotionally. During the play Harrison reveals the damaging treatment that was inflicted on the Aboriginal children, in grim detail, to  not only emphasize their loss of identity but their worthlessness as individuals. For example, the character Jimmy, after hearing that his mother has died, feels so worthless that he hangs himself in the jail cell of the local police station. For me this made think twice before condemning an Aboriginal because of what I see on T.V, because the many images that are portrayed on the television depict Aboriginals as dole bludgers and losers. However, after reading this play and seeing the horrific and damaging treatment suffered by those five individuals it made me realise that the stereotypes that placed on them on television are wrong. The play immersed me in the pain and suffering that each one of the ‘Stolen’ children must have felt, being stripped from their parents and dumped in an unfamiliar environment to fend for themselves without the guidance and security of their family. For any individual the thought of being stripped from their loved ones and from the caring individuals in their community would be a nightmare. Yet it has already happened to the various individuals belonging to the Stolen Generation. During the play Stolen, one particular character, Anne, is taken to a nice white home where the parents take good care of her and she doesn’t receive any sexual or mental abuse as other Stolen victims have had in the play. However, in this seemingly ‘perfect’ circumstance, Anne is still left pondering what her identity is because of her different skin colour. This makes her life more traumatic as she comes to grips with the reality that she is an Aboriginal, the race that was despised. Also, during the play other characters experience this kind of treatment, showing not only that one person can be abused in this way. In the play we experience horrific and almost disturbing examples of the degrading of the Aboriginals. This brought into perspective the view considered by many people that this ‘Stolen Generation’ had no sense of belonging or identity because as a race of people they were not being valued as a human, being only for an object for which Europeans can use for slaves. The episode ‘The Afghan Experience’ from Tales from a Suitcase is a documentary about two refugees trying to make a life for themselves in Australia. As Australians we may think that Shafiq Monis and Khadem Nori are  a burden to our country and society, bringing with them only crime and becoming ‘dole bludgers’. However, the episode challenges this stereotype by showing images of Khadem and Shafiq surviving on a meagre salary, despite the psychological abuse suffered in Australia and being constantly viewed as criminals. Before I saw this documentary I thought some refugees abused their rights, especially the rape in Sydney by a group of Pakistanis earlier this year. However, this documentary shows Khadem and Shafiq working hard for their adopted country and even though Khadem was not as emotionally and mentally damaged as Shafiq, the documentary illustrated his will to go on and achieve great things for his new adopted country. Unlike many of the other characters studied in the other texts, Shafiq and Khadem have come from a country where they could answer the three questions of belonging and have not been as damaged as the tragic cases of the five children in Stolen. However, despite being abused and humiliated to the point of despair, these two men have pressed on and showed me in particular that refugees can be an asset instead of a burden to our society. To conclude, these three texts illustrate the extreme pain and trauma suffered by people in the Stolen Generation, as well as refugees marginalised by society who have tried to get a sense of belonging. All features in the play and texts work powerfully together to reinforce the psychological suffering that the children of the stolen generation went through as a result of the forcible removal from their family, as well as the alienation that Shafiq and Khadem endured in their society. The song ‘Took the Children Away’ is a dramatic song that portrays the instability and uncertainty that the children of the Stolen Generation face continually during their lives as well as the continual torment that still haunts them during their adult lives as a result of being marginalised in their own country. The play Stolen uses many of the audience’s senses with the use of a cold, dark and regimented settings throughout the play to emphasize the terrible conditions that the children lived in, as well as reinforcing the terrible sense of loss of contact with their own race and civilisation. Also, the various scenes in the documentary ‘The Afghan Experience’ showed me the alienation felt by most refugees in Australia as they try to make a new life after fleeing from persecution in their own land. Overall, these  texts accurately prove that these people were discriminated against and, without family, or other support, they do not feel valued or able to contribute meaningfully – which is an essential aspect in being able to belong.

Free Essays on Adolescent Eating Disorders

With children as early as age 7 showing dissatisfaction with their body, and as young as 9 starting dieting, eating disorders are a serious issue in our society. Taking a look at perceptions, behaviors, and medical issues associated with the disorders of anorexia and bulimia, scholars have tried to categorize and find answers to the problems which certain adolescents suffer. In this paper I focused on the two major eating disorders of anorexia and bulimia. In 1978, Brunch called anorexia nervosa a â€Å"new disease† and noted that the condition seemed to overtake â€Å"the daughters of the well-to-do, educated and successful families.† Today it is acknowledged and accepted that anorexia affects more than just one gender or socio-economic class; however, much of the current research is focused on the female gender. â€Å"Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme dieting, intense fear of gaining weight, and obsessive exercising. The weight loss eventually produces a variety of physical symptoms associated with starvation: sleep disturbance, cessation of menstruation, insensitivity to pain, loss of hair on the head, low blood pressure, a variety of cardiovascular problems and reduced body temperature. Between 10% and 15% of anorexics literally starve themselves to death; others die because of some type of cardiovascular dysfunction (Bee and Boyd, 2001).† Bulimia nervosa is a slightly less serious version of anorexia, but can lead to some of the same horrible results. Bulimia involves an intense concern about weight (which is generally inaccurate) combined with frequent cycles of binge eating followed by purging, through self-induced vomiting, unwarranted use of laxatives, or excessive exercising. Most bulimics are of normal body weight, but they are preoccupied with their weight, feel extreme shame about their abnormal behavior, and often experience significant depression. The occurrence of bulimia has increased in many West... Free Essays on Adolescent Eating Disorders Free Essays on Adolescent Eating Disorders With children as early as age 7 showing dissatisfaction with their body, and as young as 9 starting dieting, eating disorders are a serious issue in our society. Taking a look at perceptions, behaviors, and medical issues associated with the disorders of anorexia and bulimia, scholars have tried to categorize and find answers to the problems which certain adolescents suffer. In this paper I focused on the two major eating disorders of anorexia and bulimia. In 1978, Brunch called anorexia nervosa a â€Å"new disease† and noted that the condition seemed to overtake â€Å"the daughters of the well-to-do, educated and successful families.† Today it is acknowledged and accepted that anorexia affects more than just one gender or socio-economic class; however, much of the current research is focused on the female gender. â€Å"Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme dieting, intense fear of gaining weight, and obsessive exercising. The weight loss eventually produces a variety of physical symptoms associated with starvation: sleep disturbance, cessation of menstruation, insensitivity to pain, loss of hair on the head, low blood pressure, a variety of cardiovascular problems and reduced body temperature. Between 10% and 15% of anorexics literally starve themselves to death; others die because of some type of cardiovascular dysfunction (Bee and Boyd, 2001).† Bulimia nervosa is a slightly less serious version of anorexia, but can lead to some of the same horrible results. Bulimia involves an intense concern about weight (which is generally inaccurate) combined with frequent cycles of binge eating followed by purging, through self-induced vomiting, unwarranted use of laxatives, or excessive exercising. Most bulimics are of normal body weight, but they are preoccupied with their weight, feel extreme shame about their abnormal behavior, and often experience significant depression. The occurrence of bulimia has increased in many West...

Employee selection and training

Employee selection and training The role of industrial/organizational psychology in selecting and training employees Industrial psychology refers to the application of psychological concepts in solving problems in the workplace. In most cases such a process entails coming up with solutions to problems associated with performance of employees in addition to dealing with other organizational concerns. Industrial psychology also concentrates on conducting studies on different sets of behavior expressed in an organization as seen in the nature of interactions between workers and management.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Employee selection and training specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Psychology can be applied in an organization’s training programs through identification of causes of internal conflicts and the solutions to such conflicts. Evaluating and developing techniques for employee selection and appraisal techniques can be achiev ed using industrial psychology. A psychologist helps in designing a selection and training program for an organization through assessing corporate leadership skills and strategies for employee motivation (Stone and Mark 1997). A number of surveys have been carried out to determine the use of industrial/ organization psychology in the U.S. it is established that the use of psychologists in private companies, government organizations and agencies is on the rise. It has also been established that large organizations are the major users of the concepts in organizational psychology as evident in General Motors Corp, PepsiCo, Inc, IBM, ATT among others. They have at least one psychologist working with them. A number of companies seek psychology consultants for assistance instead of hiring psychologists. The government is known to employ psychologists. An example is evident in the federal office of Personnel Management which has a numerous psychologists working with them. The military also has employed psychologists to work with them an example being in the U.S. Army Research institute. In all these organizations, the psychologists mostly work in the areas of performance appraisal, personnel selection, organizational and leadership psychology. After analyzing an organizations problem, a psychologist employs different techniques to address the problem and suggest possible solutions. An example of such a technique is the use of engineering psychology. This technique addresses the human problems in an organization by using design in an organization’s machinery which in most cases takes into account human limitations. This is evident in the large American corporations whose sole objective is to make profit. The ethical concerns evident in such a process is changing employee’s perception to be more in line with profit making thus a diversion from a number of moral concepts (Malhotra 2007).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another technique used is personnel psychology as evident in the military. This technique concentrates on the differences between individuals. In the long run it deals with specifics of selection and recruitment. The ethical concern is evident in the ability of such a process to alter the goals and ideologies of the personnel to be in line with those of the nation. Motivation and leadership is a commonly used technique in non military sectors of government as evident in government departments. The legal concern is that such a process is not grounded on law. The utility of the scientific selection of employees Experts in the field suggest that in order to select and hire the best employees, a hiring strategy that is scientifically based should be used. These strategies deliver appropriate results if properly implemented. These strategies ensure that an organization creates a job benchmark that is reliable especially in terms of statistics. Another advantage of using the scientific based employee selection strategy is that an organization implements an un-biased employee selection program. Selecting and hiring the best talent available in the field is an added advantage that this strategy promises. It is worth noting that if such a strategy is used, an organization’s performance is likely to improve. In the process an organization is likely to reduce its employee turnover which usually arises from employees who do not qualify for certain tasks. Another important factor in the exercise of selecting and training employees scientifically is putting in place a strategy that accurately determines the best investment ventures. To attain favorable results on such investments it is appropriate to highlight specific job requirements. It is also important that an organization conforms to a training program that will bring about overall improvement in performance. It is advis able that an organization identifies growth opportunities in an effort to meet societal needs. This can be achieved through the use of personality instruments that are powerful enough to detect an individual’s needs. After this process, an organization formulates a customized strategy geared towards managing an employee’s talent.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Employee selection and training specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are cases where scientific selection and training of workers can not be applied as is the case when an assumption is made concerning the presence of a capitalist system which in turn leads to an automatic increase in profits and efficiency of workers. It is however possible to employ scientific selection technique in an organization where there is a clear definition of authority and task specialization (Malhotra 2007). References Malhotra, N. (2007). Review of Market ing Research. New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe Stone, P. Mark, C. (1997). Organizational Psychology. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate

How To Use the Spanish Verb Perder

How To Use the Spanish Verb Perder The fairly common Spanish verb perder most often means to lose, but it has related meanings that go beyond mere loss. It can, for example, refer to the loss of something one never had, or to refer to emotional states as well as objects. Perder comes the Latin verb perdÄ•re, which had a similar meaning. The only common related English word is perdition, a state of moral ruin. Here are some of the common meanings of perder with examples of their usage: Perder for Loss of Things The most common meaning of perder is to lose something. As in English, the item lost is the direct object of the verb. Perdià ³ las llaves de su coche.  (He lost his car keys.)Perdà ­ el perro de mi amiga que ella me dio para que lo cuide.  (I lost my friends dog that she gave to me to take care of.) ¡No pierda los calcetines!  (Dont lose your socks!)My amigo perdià ³ el coraje y se puso a llorar.  (My friend lost his courage and began to cry.) Perder Meaning To Get Lost The reflexive form, perderse, is used to indicate that something is lost without specifically saying who lost it. The reflexive is also used to indicate that a person is lost. And as shown in the final example below, the reflexive form frequently is used figuratively. Me perdà ­ cuando salà ­ del hotel para ir al teatro. (I got lost when I left the hotel to go to the theater.)Se perdieron los datos.  (The data got lost.  Ã‚  You could also translate less literally: The data disappeared.)Espero que no se pierda el hbito de escribir cartas a mano.  (I hope the habit of writing letters by hand doesnt get lost.)El equipo perdià ³ la concentracià ³n en los primeros 20 minutos del juego.  (The team lost its concentration in the first 20 minutes of the game.)Se me perdià ³ el celular otra vez.  (My cell phone got lost again.)Me perdà ­ en el hechizo de tus lindos ojos.  (I got lost in the charm of your beautiful eyes. This could also be translated reflexively: I lost myself in the charm of your beautiful eyes.) Perder Meaning To Lose Competition Perder is commonly used in sports and other kinds of competition to indicate that a game, election, or similar event was lost. Los Jazz perdieron ante los Hornets.  (The Jazz lost to the Hornets.)El equipo perdià ³ la final contra el equipo de la Ciudad de Downey. (The team lost the final to the Downey City team.)El candidato joven perdià ³ la eleccià ³n primaria.  (The young candidate lost the primary election.) Perder Meaning To Miss Perder can be the synonym of to miss when miss indicates a loss of some sort, such as obtaining transportation or meeting a goal. Perdà ­ el bus de las 3.30.  (I missed the 3:30 bus.)Pedro perdià ³ la posibilidad de ser campeà ³n del mundo.  (Pedro missed the chance of becoming world champion.)Perdimos el avià ³n de vuelta y nos quedamos casi sin dinero.  (We missed the return plane flight and were left with hardly any money.)Perdà ­ la oportunidad de ser rico.  (I missed the opportunity to be rich.) Perder To Refer To Loss or Misuse of Resources When resources of various kinds are lost, perder can carry a stronger meaning than to lose, such as to waste or to squander. Pierdo tiempo pensando en ti.  (I am wasting time thinking about you.)El coche perdà ­a agua del radiador.  (The car was leaking water from the radiator.)El paà ­s perdià ³ $540 millones en inversià ³n extranjera directa.  (The country squandered $540 million in direct foreign investment.) Perder To Refer to Ruin Figuratively, as with the English lost, perder can be used to indicate that something is ruined or deteriorated, especially in a moral sense. Lo echà ³ todo a perder, incluso su vida.  (She let it all go to ruin, including her life.)Cuando la vida de la familia se desintegra, la nacià ³n est perdida.  (When family life disintegrates, the nation is ruined.)La sociedad piensa que esta generacià ³n est perdida. (Society thinks that this generation is lost.) Conjugation of Perder Like many other common verbs, perder is conjugated irregularly, following the pattern of  entender. It is a stem-changing verb: the -e- of the stem becomes -ie- when stressed. The change affects only the present tenses (imperative and subjunctive) and the imperative mood. Present indicative (I lose, you lose, etc.): yo pierdo, tà º pierdes, usted/el/ella pierde, nosotros/nosotras perdemos, vosotros/vosotras perdà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas pierden. Present subjunctive (that I lose, that you lose, etc.): que yo pierda, que tà º pierdas, que usted/el/ella pierda, que nosotros/nosotras perdamos, que vosotros/vosotras perdà ©is, que ustedes/ellos/ellas pierdan. Affirmative imperative (You lose! Lets lose! etc.):  ¡Pierde tà º!  ¡Pierda usted!  ¡Perdamos nosotros/nosotras!  ¡Perded vosotros/vosotros!  ¡Pierdan ustedes! Negative imperative (Dont you lose! Lets not lose! etc.):  ¡No pierdas tà º!  ¡No pierda usted!  ¡Nos perdamos nosotros/nosotras!  ¡No perdis vosotros/vosotros!  ¡No pierdan ustedes! Key Takeaways The most common meaning of perder is to lose, and it can be applied to objects, people, and situations.The reflexive form perderse is used to indicate that something or someone is lost without indicating directly who is responsible for the loss.Perder can also mean to lose in the sense of losing an election, game, or other competition.